Quadratic Equation Solver (ax² + bx + c = 0)
About Momentum Calculator
The Linear & Angular Momentum ($p = mv$) Calculator computes relativistic/classical momentum, Impulse ($\vec{J} = \vec{F}\Delta t = \Delta \vec{p}$), 1D/2D Elastic and Inelastic Collisions, Kinetic Energy conservation, and Recoil velocities with vector arithmetic.
How to Use Momentum Calculator
Step 1
Select calculation mode (Linear Momentum, Impulse, or Collision).
Step 2
Enter masses and initial velocities for Object 1 (and Object 2 if collision).
Step 3
Review computed momentum, impact impulse, and energy states.
Step 4
Click "Copy Momentum Report".
Practical Use Cases for Momentum Calculator
Ballistics, Rocket Propulsion & Recoil Velocity Sizing
Calculate projectile momentum, muzzle kinetic energy, and firearm backward recoil velocity using the law of conservation of linear momentum.
Automotive Crash Reconstruction & Collision Energy Dissipation
Reconstruct pre-impact vehicle speeds from skid marks and post-collision angles using 2D vector momentum equations.
Input & Output Examples
Calculating Momentum & Impulse (m = 1500kg, v = 25 m/s)
Mass ($m$): `1500 kg`, Velocity ($v$): `25.0 m/s`
Momentum ($p$): `37,500 kg·m/s (N·s)` | Imperial: `8,430.3 lbf·s` | Kinetic Energy: `468.75 kJ` | Stopping Force (in 0.5s): `75,000 N`
Key Features & Performance
- ✓Modes: Classical Momentum ($p=mv$), Relativistic Momentum ($\gamma mv$), Impulse ($\Delta p = F \Delta t$), 1D/2D Elastic & Inelastic Collisions.
- ✓Collision Simulator: solves for final velocities ($v_{1f}, v_{2f}$) and percentage kinetic energy lost to thermal deformation.
- ✓Unit conversions: kg·m/s, N·s, lbf·s, slug·ft/s, and g·cm/s.
- ✓100% Client-Side physics engine.
- ✓1-Click Copy momentum report.
Key Terminology & Definitions
Linear Momentum ($p$)
A vector quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object ($p = mv$), conserved in all isolated physical systems.
Impulse ($J$)
The integral of force over time ($J = \int F dt = \Delta p$), representing the overall change in momentum imparted to an object.